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Military History. — Cadet at the Military Academy, July 1, 1835, to July 1, 1839, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to
Second Lieut., 1st Artillery, July 1, 1839.
Served: in garrison at Plattsburg, N. Y., 1839–40; on Maine Frontier, at Houlton, 1840–45, pending the “Disputed Territory” controversy; in
(First Lieut., 1st Artillery, Aug. 31, 1844)
garrison at Ft. Pickens, Fla., 1845, — and Ft. Pike, La., 1845 46; in the War with Mexico, 1846–47, being engaged in the Siege of Vera Cruz, Mar. 9 29, 1847, — Battle of Cerro Gordo, Apr. 17 18, 1847, — Skirmish
(Bvt. Capt., Apr. 18, 1847, for Gallant and Meritorious Conduct in the Battle of Cerro Gordo, Mex.)
of La Hoya, Jan. 20, 1847, — Skirmish of Ocalaca, Aug. 16, 1847, — Battle of Contreras, Aug. 19 20, 1847, — and Storming of Chapultepec,
(Bvt. Major, Sep. 13, 1847, for Gallant and Meritorious Conduct in the Battle of Chapultepec, Mex.)
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Sep. 13, 1847, where he lost his left arm; on Recruiting service, 1847–48; on Quartermaster duty at Tampa Bay, Fla., 1848–49, — and
(Captain, Staff — Asst. Quartermaster, Aug. 12, 1848, to Feb. 22, 1851)
Ft. Leavenworth, Kan., 1850 51; in garrison at Barrancas Barracks, Fla., 1851;
(Captain, 1st Artillery, Feb. 22, 1851)
on frontier duty at Ft. Brown, Tex., 1851, — and Edinburg, Tex., 1851–52; in garrison at Barrancas Barracks, Fla., 1852 53, — Ft. Capron, Fla., 1853–55, — Ft. Jupiter, Fla., 1855, — Ft. Capron, Fla., 1855 56, — and Ft. Moultrie, S. C., 1856–57; as Deputy Governor of the “Soldiers' Home,” near Washington, D. C., May 29, 1857, to June 9, 1858; in garrison at Ft. Monroe, Va., 1858 60, — and Baton Rouge, La., 1860; on detached service at Ft. Monroe, Va., 1860; in garrison at Baton Rouge Arsenal, La., 1860–61, which he was compelled to surrender to a vastly superior force of Louisiana insurgents; and in garrison at Ft. Hamilton, N. Y., 1861, — and Ft. McHenry, Md., 1861.
Served during the Rebellion of the Seceding States, 1861–66: in garrison at Washington, D. C., Feb. 1 to Apr. 15, 1861, — at Ft. Washington, Md., Apr. 15 to Dec. 20, 1861, — and at Ft. Taylor, Key West, Fla., Dec. 20, 1861, to May 15, 1862; in command of the Northern defenses
(Major, 3d Artillery, Feb. 20, 1862)
of Washington, D. C., 1862–64, being in the trenches during the attack
(Lieut.-Col., Staff — Additional Aide-de Camp, June 26, 1862)
upon the city, July 11–14, 1864; and Chief of Artillery, Department of Washington, July 26, 1864, to Apr. 10, 1866; on leave of absence, Apr. 10
(Brig._General, U. S. Volunteers, Aug. 5, 1864)
(Bvt. Lieut.–Col., and Bvt. Colonel, Mar. 13, 1865, and Bvt. Brig.–General, U. S. Army, Mar. 13, 1865, for Faithful and Meritorious Services during the Rebellion)
(Lieut.–Colonel, 1st Artillery, July 26, 1866)
to Aug. 1, 1866; and in command of Ft. Independence, Mas., Aug. 1 to Sep. 24, 1866.
Served: in command of Ft. Schuyler, N. Y., Sep. 26, 1866, to Sep. 29, 1870, — and at Ft. Wood, N. Y., Sep. 29 to Dec. 2, 1870.
Retired from Active Service, Dec. 15, 1870, for Disability from loss of an Arm in Battle.
Died, Aug. 3, 1874, at Oswego, N. Y.: Aged 56.
Buried, Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.